Major Home Systems Every Buyer Should Understand
Before falling in love with a home’s layout or finishes, it's critical to understand what’s going on behind the walls. Major home systems — such as HVAC, plumbing, electrical, and the roof — are the backbone of a home’s safety and functionality.
Start with the HVAC system. Ask about the age of the unit, how often it has been serviced, and if there are any known issues with heating or cooling. Look for any signs of water leaks or mold around vents or ductwork. An efficient, well-maintained HVAC system can help reduce energy bills and ensure comfort throughout the seasons.
Next, evaluate the plumbing. Visible pipes under sinks and in basements can reveal signs of corrosion, leaks, or patch jobs. Check water pressure and drainage, especially in bathrooms and kitchens. Low pressure or slow drainage could indicate larger issues. It’s also worth asking about the material used in plumbing lines — some older homes still use outdated piping.
The electrical system is another critical area. Outdated breaker panels, mixed wiring types, or insufficient amperage can pose safety risks and limit your ability to install new appliances or run modern tech. Make sure the home is grounded properly and that GFCI outlets are installed in areas with moisture exposure, like bathrooms and kitchens.
Finally, check the roof. It protects everything underneath it. Ask for documentation on when it was last replaced or repaired. Look for missing shingles, sagging, or signs of water intrusion in the attic. A failing roof can lead to thousands in damages down the road.
Understanding these systems — or working with a trusted advisor who does — gives you the knowledge to ask the right questions, protect your investment, and enter negotiations with confidence.